Learning Disabilities: Types, Signs & Support
Learning disabilities affect how children’s brains process information, making it difficult to learn despite average or above-average intelligence. This guide helps parents understand learning disabilities and access appropriate support through schools.
What Are Learning Disabilities?
Learning disabilities are neurological differences affecting specific academic skills like reading, writing, or math. They’re not related to intelligence, effort, or motivation. Common types include:
- Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading and decoding words
- Dyscalculia: Difficulty with math concepts and calculations
- Dysgraphia: Difficulty with writing and spelling
Signs of Learning Disabilities
- Difficulty learning to read despite good instruction
- Struggle to spell words correctly
- Difficulty with handwriting or written expression
- Trouble with math facts or calculations
- Difficulty following directions or organizing information
- Avoidance of reading or writing activities
Getting Support
If you suspect a learning disability, request a school evaluation. Schools must evaluate at no cost if learning disability is suspected. An evaluation includes psychological testing and educational assessment.
Once identified, your child can receive accommodations and specialized instruction through an IEP or 504 plan.
Key Takeaways
- Learning disabilities are neurological, not a reflection of intelligence
- Early identification and intervention improve outcomes significantly
- School support and specialized instruction are effective
- Many successful people have learning disabilities
Written by the Pediatric Behavior editorial team. Reviewed by board-certified behavior analysts.